Chapters

• Preliminary reference procedure on interpretation and validity and EU judicial protection in environmental matters
• Overview
• The relevance of EU law
• Precedence of EU law
• Direct Effect of EU law
• Direct Effect of Directives
• The Van Duyn case
• Indirect Effect
• Effective judicial protection
• Effet utile / practical effect
• And now to the Court
• The Preliminary Reference Procedure
• Subject Matter of the Reference
• Formal requirements
• Power to make a Reference
• Power to make a Reference: Court is a concept of EU law
• Obligation to make a Reference
• Timing of the Reference (1/2)
• Timing of the Reference (2/2)
• Remember this Small Case?
• Validity Reference (1/2)
• Validity Reference (2/2)
• Validity Reference – Why?
• ‘Sanctions’ for a Reference
• Remedies for a failure to refer (ECHR & MS)
• Sanctions for a Failure to Refer
• “Benefits” of a reference