Chapters

• Right to bring a legal challenge (legal standing)
• Overview
• The three pillar structure of the Aarhus convention: an overview
• Access to justice
• Access to justice - the CJEU has held that
• Access to justice - national courts
• Access to justice: legal standing – locus standi
• Access to justice - “Gatekeeper” tool
• Legal standing is fundamental
• Common framework of obligations for public authorities and rights for the public
• Legal standing can vary depending on, inter alia
• Subject matter of decisions, acts and omissions environmental matters (1/2)
• Subject matter of decisions, acts and omissions environmental matters (2/2)
• The CJEU has recognised legal standing for individuals or ENGOs in several contexts
• Requests for environmental information and entitlement to receive information
• Article 9.1
• Requests for environmental information and entitlement to receive information
• The Access to Environmental Information Directive, 2003/4/EC, article 6
• Seveso III directive, article 23
• There is also a right to recieve environmental information
• In East Sussex the court stated that
• Conditions related to the supply of information
• Article 12(1)(e) of the Bathing Water Directive, 2006/7/EC
• Article 8(3) of the Drinking Water Directive, 98/83/EEC
• The Access to Environmental Information Directive, 2003/4/EC, article 6
• Specific activities that are subject to public participation requirements
• Article 9
• The Aarhus Convention: Pillar I, II and III
• Article 9 continues
• “The public concerned”
• Public concerned in the Aarhus Convention
• ”Public” or ”Public concerned”?
• Specific activities that are subject to public participation requirements
• Examples when public consultation is required: IED, article 24
• Examples when public consultation is required: EIA Directive, Article 6 (4)
• Examples when public consultation is required: Seveso III Directive, Article 15
• Participation rights
• Legal standing to challenge
• Industrial Emissions Directive, Article 25
• EIA Directive, Article 11
• Seveso III directive, Article 23
• Similar wording
• Legal standing to challenge
• Sufficient interest or impairment of a right
• The ENGO's and sufficient interest or impairment of a right (1/2)
• The ENGO's and sufficient interest or impairment of a right (2/2)
• C-263/08 Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening
• The case in short
• The national rules thus established must
• All in all the CJEU stated
• Recognised ENGOs
• C-115/09, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz (Trianel)
• Background
• The CJEU stated
• The CJEU in short
• We are now leaving the area of public participation
• Other subject matter
• Article 9(2) and 9(3) of the Aarhus Convention (1/2)
• Article 9(2) and 9(3) of the Aarhus Convention (2/2)
• Article 9(3) intended to ensure effective environmental protection
• General basis for legal standing
• Article 19(1) TEU and Article 47(1) Charter of Fundamental Rights
• Requests for action under environmental liability rules
• The Environmental Liability Directive (ELD)
• Article 12
• Article 13
• Case C‑529/15 Gert Folk
• The Aarhus Convention, the TFEU and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
• General basis for legal standing
• Legal standing to protect procedural rights
• Stage of mandatory public consultation during the decision-making process
• Article 7 of the Aarhus Convention
• May still need to include public consultation
• National legislation and general regulatory acts
• Legal standing to protect procedural rights under EU environmental law
• Impairment of a right
• The CJEU: C-115/09, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz (Trianel) p 44
• CJEU has upheld these rights
• Must satisfy to claim legal standing
• Aarhus Convention Implementation Guide, p 198
• …the need to submit objection
• C‑664/15 Protect Natur-, Arten- und Landschaftsschutz Umweltorganisation (1/3)
• C‑664/15 Protect Natur-, Arten- und Landschaftsschutz Umweltorganisation (2/3)
• C‑664/15 Protect Natur-, Arten- und Landschaftsschutz Umweltorganisation (3/3)
• Summary (1/4)
• Summary (2/4)
• Summary (3/4)
• Summary (4/4)